Cloning Essay: Cloneco: Life is Our Business -- Argumentative Persuasi

Cloneco Life is Our Business On July 5, 1996, Scottish Scientists shocked the world by creating the first successful clone of a sheep. With the dawn of this new biotechnology, people have begun to question the ethical ramifications of applying this technology to humanity. Many believe that re-create humans is morally wrong. As a stockholder in Cloneco, I support their use of this scientific discovery. However, my position to profit from the use of cloning is non the close that I believe that there is nothing morally wrong with the practice of cloning. Once Cloneco and other cloning research facilities have performed sufficient research on cloning, the practice of cloning will have many health benefits. Currently, there are many genetic diseases for which there are no cures. These include reaping hook cell anemia, cystic fibrosis and Alzheimers disease. Cloning technology could be apply to find cures for these genetic diseases in addition to other non-genetic health problems such as philia disease, liver and kidney failure, leukemia and cancer. Opponents of cloning argue that the technology will be used for the pursuit of unethical goals. They believe that some people will use cloning as a means of becoming immortal by repeatedly cloning themselves or that people would try to replace others with clones. Despite the fact that it is unimaginable to create a clone with the same memories as the original, research has proven that it is impossible to make an exact replica of a person even if the replica is physically identical to the original. This is because the environment in which he is brought up largely affects a persons development.&... .... This means that they can make the most knowledgeable decisions based on the immense amount of information that they have gathered through research and experience. In addition, all Cloneco employees from administrative assistants to scientists undergo a rigorous selection appendage in which background checks c omparable to those used by the governments alphabet soup agencies are made to ensure that they will make moral decisions and will not pursue personal interests while working for Cloneco. Cloning will usher in a new era in human history as the traditional form of procreation that has stood constant for eras changes. However, it is important to remember that the purpose of cloning is to create humans, not duplicates. It is Clonecos mission to ensure that cloning technology is used responsibly. Their business is life.

FROM A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE :: Essays Papers

FROM A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVEIn my 205 I was asked to consider how and why my writing changes from one community to another. This essay represents the results of that exploration. My writing tendency changes greatly between the communities of academia and newspaper journalism. In both academic and newspaper writing I am compelled to include as much selective information as possible, yet the two call for completely distinguishable styles. I think this difference exists because the two forms of writing turn out different objectives. The general objectives of a newspaper article are to examine a story or issue, to introduce the public to the issue, and to provide a forum for others opinions. With a few exceptions, newspapers dont have the time or the space to delve into an issue instead they introduce it and possibly follow it up later with another story. The general objective of around academic writings I have done is to comprehensively answer a question. This involves a far more e xhaustive exploration of an issue. Often in academic writing, the question itself provides the objective and defines the content of the writing. The fundamental differences in purpose between newspaper and academic forms of writing manifest into more clearly delimit differences. The most obvious difference between the two forms of writing is structure. By using the term structure, I am referring to the length and context of the piece of writing. social structure is an important factor because it sets the ground work for my writing. In academic writing, I try to cite numerous examples or personal experiences to illustrate a point. report writing requires that I condense my points. The writing is supposed to be simple, yet informative, and is crammed into a few inches of type. Writing to fill six inches of type is quite different than filling six double-spaced pages. Structure also translates into differences in word usage. Because of space constrictions, every word counts when wri ting for a newspaper. The key is to say as much as possible in the fewest words possible. There is a specific newspaper style which calls for short paragraphs, constant attribution of information, nimble voice, and numerous other writing guidelines.According to newspaper style, paragraphs should be one or two sentences long, with each paragraph including a complete statement or thought. This allows the reader to move from point-to-point quickly, without becoming bored and losing interest in the story. Information in newspaper articles must always be attributed.

History of LOTR :: essays research papers

Legend has it that Professor John Ronald Reuel Tolkien of the University of Oxford was at his desk one summers day in 1930 wearily correcting examination papers when he came upon a page in an answer-book that was left blank.. "In a hole in the ground," he wrote on the page, "there lived a hobbit."At the metre, he had no idea what a hobbit was, much less why it would live in a hole in the ground- but he had to find out. So, during his free time, always at the same desk, he developed a story about a funny creature named Bilbo who was befriended by dwarfs and face various adventures with them in a quest to steal a dragons gold. When he finished writing the story, he let some of his students read it. Little did he know that one of his pupils was an employee for Stanley Unwin of the publishing firm Allen and Unwin. She introduced the book to Mr. Unwin and in 1937 Allen and Unwin published The Hobbit. Professor Tolkien was suddenly an author. The book was an instant sen sation, popular with critics and the public alike. It very speedily became a classic. Soon, readers and his publisher asked the professor for a sequel. For many historic period, none was ever presented. Then, in 1954, Professor Tolkien stunned the creative activity with The Lord of the Rings. Nearly fifteen years in the making, LOTR was the polar opposite of "The Hobbit," despite being its sequel. As professor Paul H. Kocher wrote in Master of Middle-Earth "The Hobbit is a story for children about the stealing of a dragons hoard by some dwarves with the reluctant aid of a little hobbit. The Lord of the Rings, on the other hand, stretches the adult imagination with its account of a world in peril. Each work has virtues proper to its kind, but they had better be read independently of each other as contrasting, if related, specimens of the fantasys writers art... The Hobbit was never meant to be a wholly serious tale, nor his young audience to listen without laughing oft en. In contradistinction, The Lord of the Rings does on occasion evoke smiles, but most of the time its issues go too deep for laughter."It was ultimately decided by the publisher that The Lord of the Rings would be told through three separately released books due to a post World War II paper shortage.

The American Family: Then and Now Essay -- Sociology, American History

What exactly is a family? Some would say it is a father, mother, and possibly children, but is this an outdated definition? With the field adapting and changing at such a high rate, it proves difficult to create definite boundaries for what constitutes a family. As events that are either detrimental or salutary to society occur, family lives adapt to better suit the current state. The differences in culture, religion and traditions undersurface offer possible explanations for why families are not the same, locally and globally. sociological relationships change to fit the people involved in them, so it only makes sense that family groups would differ by location. This paper will discuss the ways that families in the States have evolved over time. Also, I will explain what occurrences caused the need for such changes.The comprehension of any new concept starts with a basic definition. fit to Macionis, family is a social institution found in all societies that unites people in coo perative groups to care for one another, including children (2009375). The diversity of families in America dates derriere to the colonial period. There were a variety of different family types that coexisted or competed in colonial America (Coontz 2005 27). In this time period, the husband would work all day and leave the children at home with the mother. The mother, however would rarely tend to the children. She would do house work and leave the children with an older sibling or servant. This caused a neglect of sentimental feelings in childhood because the mother was not the nurturer. Coontz states that among wealthy, white families specifically, the basis of the relationship was built on power, not love (2005 28). The modernization and industrialization ... ...order for America to continue as a successful country, there will need to be strong family units who are prepared to face the downfalls that will come out-of-pocket to a changing government and economy. The success ra tes of a family, however, are much deeper than economic or government issues. Hard work, compassion, and communication are components that can be seen in almost any successful family at any time period. In striving to achieve these aspects of a family unit, Americas families would hear much more stability than previously seen and be better equipped to face hard times. ReferencesCoontz, Stephanie. 2005. The Way We Werent The Myth and Reality of the Traditional Family. home(a) Forum The Phi Kappa Phi Journal Summer 27-34.Macionis, John J. Society the Basics with Additional Readings in Sociology. UpperSaddle River, NJ Prentice Hall.

The Roman Empire :: essays research papers

The Roman EmpireWhen the ancient Hellenics were reaching the height of their glory, the forefinger of capital of Italy, to the west, was late rising. The Romans were best in warfare, engineering, and government. Rome rose to power gradually, with no set plan for world conquest. The Romans fought many wars and enslaved many people. By the time of Augustus, shortly onwards Christ, most of the known world was unified and at peace under Roman rule. The Kings of Early Rome The early Romans didnt keep any write records. There are only two existing documents, which give the continuous early history of Rome. The old legends say that Romulus founded the city in 753 BC when the settlements on the seven hills were united. Under his heir, the Romans conquered Alba Longa, the religious center of the Latin civilizations. During the rule of Ancus Martius, a number of annoying Latin cities were conquered, and their people were brought to Rome. The Etruscan Conquest Shortly before 600 BC, Rome was conquered by several Etruscan princes from across the Tiber River. Tarquinius Priscus drained the citys marshes. The last of the kings of Rome, Tarquinius Superbus, was a dictator who opposed the people. Under the rule of the Etruscans Rome grew in importance and power. Great temples and majestic public works were built. Rome had become the largest and richest city in Italy. Period of Conquest It was only a tiny city-state, much like the city-states that were growing at the same time in Greece. The common citizens were called the plebs or plebeians. They marched out of Rome in a body and threatened to make a new city in 494 BC. In 350 BC the plebeians were admitted to the dictatorship. The Roman Senate has been called the "most distinguished and important political body, which has ever existed in the world." Political StruggleThe struggle for political power was the economic struggle between rich and poor. Gradually, reforms were forced through. Compelled at first to f ight for its very existence against powerful neighbors, Rome gradually fought its way to the leadership of the Italian civilizations. Success of Rome Slowed Down By GaulsThe successful progress of Rome received a temporary difficulty in 390 BC when peregrine Gauls advanced through the center of Etruria. In another century Rome conquered their whole territory. Only southern Italy remained independent. Fearful at the spread of Roman power, the Greek cities appealed to Pyrrhus.

Definition of Science Fiction Essay -- essays research papers

Perhaps sensation of the most versatile genres in films, television, books, artwork and any number of things today is science prevarication. Many times I wipe out seen a sci-fi video filed under comedy or drama. That is one of the major(ip) things that has led to my love for science fiction, the simple fact that it can be so much more than just science fiction. I would like to present a definition of what science fiction is in this paper. My definition will non be exact, because so many people have a different idea of what counts as sci-fi and, not only that, but we may have strand yet another venue for science fiction by the time this paper is complete. In order to define what science fiction is and to support my definition, I am going to give some examples of stories that I look fall into this genre first and then give a semi-solid definition of what I think science fiction is.The first example of science fiction Id like to take a look at is Alien. A autochthonic example o f straightforward science fiction would be this movie. Space miners (or merchantssomething like that) are awakened from their cryogenic sleep-state much earlier than was originally planned. A bother/warning beacon on an unfamiliar planet caused their ship to awaken them so that help could be dispatched. Of course, it turns out to be a ship that was interpreted over by the Aliens and the Earthlings ship was soon to be infested. No questions about this one it is most definitely science fiction. Humans meeting up with aliens and, of course, aloofness travel, instantly points this film into the science fiction category.Another example of science fiction, and one that proves science-fictions elusive nature, is Tarzan. This is a fantastic example of a familiar story that nobody would normally think of as being sci-fi. Everyone knows the story A baby is lost in the jungle, raised by apes, and then is ascertained years later by some jungle-adventurers. It sounds sort of questionable as to whether this should be considered science fiction, but it remains a fact that this story takes place on Earth and involves a character that has adopted ape-like qualities. One could argue that this is just a fictional story or take down fantasy, but it gloss over retains an element of science and, therefore, falls into the category of science fiction.Time travel is it really science fiction? Some people would not agre... ... is. Science fiction (adj.) sy-ens fik-shunSome fictional event that was brought about using logical, scientific methods or caused by logical, scientific events.Sentence use I watched this science fiction movie the other day that scared the heebie-jeebies out of meNeedless to say, science fiction is a wonderful genre that encompasses a vast number of stories, even ones that we dont really think of as sci-fi at first. As I have illustrated in these examples, science fiction can be the major genre of a story or it can be merely a piece within a story. Such a debatable image as this one can be extremely difficult to completely define. For now, well have to settle for a general definition such as the one I have written above, but perhaps in the future someone will define science fiction more clearly. Of course, if we limit the term science fiction to a clear-cut definition, will science fiction have such wonderful stories as it does now or will they closing up being bland, repetitive stories? I believe that science fiction will never have a single definition because that just happens to be the nature of the genre.

How Is Tension Created And Maintained Between John And Elizabeth, And How Does Their Relationship Change?

Arthur Miller was born in the year 1915 and grew up during the long depression. His fathers business crashed during the great depression, this meant there was no m 1y for Arthur miller to exploit his great talent that was bet writing. Fortunately through earning small amounts from odd jobs he was able to save up enough to go to university where he received several awards for his early plays. Arthur Miller wrote The Crucible in the year 1952. He use the play as a way of criticizing the government for what is know as McCarthyism. McCarthyism is a communist witch hunt where anybody could be accused of being communist. cardinal of the many slew to be accused was Arthur Miller this is why the important themes of the play argon justice and truth. Arthur Miller normally uses society and individuals as main themes for his plays this can besides be seen in the crucible. A inviolable example of this is how all the other members of the puritan community look down on behind Proctor for no t being a regular church-goer. This is relevant today because it could be translated into a suppression of individuality and a pressure for people to add up into society. Another area it explores is the increase of tension and panic in a society.The Crucible is set in a small puritan town where everybody knew each(prenominal) other and it was a very tight community. The despised local preacher called Parris stumbles across several of the villages girls performing a sinful dance including his own fille Betty. While the girls are performing the dance with his slave Tituba , Betty falls into an unconscious state causing panic. The girls are accused of witch craft. The girls admit to this but one of the girls called Abigail who had an thing with one of the central characters called John Procter sees a chance to exploit the situation and claims there are more(prenominal) witches in the village.Abigail settle down has feelings for John claims that his wife Elizabeth is a witch. Joh n goes to court to appeal against this, he also come aparts the court around the affair he had with Abigail to ruin her credibility. The court gets Elizabeth to come in and patronage Johns rations but unfortunately she denies it to save his reputation. John is sentenced to be hung Elizabeth who has survived so far due to her pregnancy tries to convince John to confess to witchcraft however he chooses to die with his dignity rather then live without it.The Salem witch trails was a real event and John , Abigail , Elizabeth and some other characters were real people however a lot of the story was written by Arthur Miller. The language of the play is accurate because it uses the correct accents and the characters would have been played by English actors because the young American accent would not have developed yet. To show the fact that the characters live in a very religious community the characters often puzzle references to the Bible this can be seen were Elizabeth describes A bigails affect on the court as Parting the sea of Israel. This shows that the bible was part of their every day support. Before scrap two starts the audience is aware of the tension between John and Elizabeth because of Johns affair with Abigail. notwithstanding having an affair with Abigail John still loves his wife and wants to protect her. A good example of this is were Abigail accuses Elizabeth of being sickly and John says You depart say nothing of Elizabeth. Which show he wants to protect her over Abigail . The tone he uses is angry and full of frustration which shows that he is frustrated and ashamed for having an affair.Read also Intro to Public Relations NotesThe setting of the word picture makes the audience question Johns commitment to Elizabeth , the scene is set eight days after Abigail told John that her actions are nothing to do with revealing that in fact there are no witches in the village and they where just dancing sinfully. This show that John is withhol ding information from Elizabeth and the rest of the community and the audience is aware of this. The room that the scene is set in is described as long, dark with a low ceiling which could be a metaphor for John and Elizabeths relationship.It is also set in this way to snuff it pressure and claustrophobia in the scene ahead which adds to the tension. In contrast to this Elizabeth can be heard singing to the her children which paints a picture of a loving bewilder in the audiences consciousnesss and can create a sense of empathy with the character. It also gives the impression that John and Elizabeth where once a loving play off. The pattern of speech used by the characters increase the sense of tension because it is in short sharp snippets spoken rushed as if not to offend one another by harangue to long.It is clear that Elizabeth concerned why John is late and she decides to confront him about. She expresses her worry by saying You come so late I thought youd bypast to Salem this afternoon. John lies and says Why I have no business in Salem. Which the audience knows is un avowedly because he was previously in Salem where he met Abigail, this shows that John feels he has to lie to Elizabeth and that it is easier then telling the truth. John then checks the stew and is displeased with its taste so he proceeds to add more seasoning.When he is served the stew and tasted it he compliments Elizabeth on the seasoning. These shows how disorderd their relationship is because John would rather lie about the seasoning of the stew then tell her it was under seasoned. The duo begin to discuss the witch trials and Elizabeth asks John to go to court and explain to the court about Abigails trickery. John dismisses this and says things like Ill think on it. And the stage actions show him considering where or not to tell the court.Elizabeth thinks he is trying to protect Abigail but really he doesnt want Elizabeth and himself to be accused of witchcraft. The couple begin to argue and use longer sentences to express their true feelings which break the tension that has been built up through out the scene. In this scene the couple are trying to avoid confrontation or trying to please one another we can see this from the stage directions where it says Holding back a full condemnation of her and She doesnt want friction. Act three is the most important scene involving John and Elizabeth.John has gone to the court to confess about his affair with Abigail which will discredited her and prove her accusations of witch craft false. To prove Johns confession true Danforth the judge asks Elizabeth to be brought before the court who John claims can neer tell a lie. This increase tension because if Elizabeth does lie it will worse because John has put all his trust in Elizabeths confession. When Elizabeth goes into the room John and Abigails backs are turned, this is so they cant give hints to Elizabeth but it also is a represent how Elizabeth is feeling about the two.She thinks that John has turned his back on her. The tension is enhanced by Arthur Miller gives stage direction She glances at Proctor for a clue. and She turns to Abigail. This shows how Elizabeth is trouble over making the right decision. When she finally answers we can see that she is still trouble at her decision (in agony) No sir. With this Elizabeth has condemned many people however she has realized that she still loves John and will even lie ,something that goes completely against her beliefs to save his reputation. It also shows that Elizabeth is not perfect and has begun to forgive John.In the next scene John is about to be hung however Elizabeth has a chance to convince him to confess which will save his life but ruin his reputation. This instantly creates tension because it gives Elizabeth a chance to save John. The audience wants to see Elizabeth ask John to lie and confess to witch craft but the tension is prolonged because Elizabeth fails to give John a final answer. She puts the decision in his hands by saying do as you will. John wants Elizabeth to be part of the decision because he says would you give them such a lie. Showing that John respects her feelings and considers her to be his partner natural elevation the tension even more because of the couples new found care for each other. We finally see her true feelings where she tells him and yet youve not confessed till now. That speaks goodness in you. and if she does not give an answer John will continue to deny the charges building more tension because the audience now fears for Johns life. John and Elizabeths relationship is still getting better however John still thinks of himself as a fraud and a no good man.Elizabeth doesnt want John to think this , this is made clear where she says Do as you will, do as you will. Which shows that she is giving him space so that he can prove to himself that he is a good man. John decides against confessing and by doing so he now feel s he is worthy of Elizabeth. Elizabeth finally forgives John telling him her true feelings John I counted myself so poorly made, no honourable love could come to me Suspicion osculateed you when I did I never knew how to say my love. It was a cold house I kept. This also shows that she has recognised her own failings.Despite the fact that John is going to hang the audience now know they both recognise their love for each over which is signified by Johns kiss he lifts her, and kisses her now with great passion. Showing they are not afraid to love each other. The play shows us that it is dangerous not to speak your mind and that it can lead to great tragedies. It is also dangerous for society to put someone in a position where they cannot speak their mind. John and Elizabeth realized this and if they had talked about their feelings more then Elizabeth would not have had to of lied.We can also see the parallels the play shares with the McCarthy communist hunt. The death at the end is important because it was preventable the play also shows how lies and deceit can lead to pointless deaths. We can also see the pressure needed for people to talk about there true feelings , only when John was about to hang did the pair express their love for each other and in contrast to this when they where living a comfortable life before the trials they where constantly wanting to please one another and not disrupt their normal everyday existence.

Beowulf, Faustus and Paradise Lost Essay

In Beowulf, Faustus and Paradise Lost undergo a religious transition, from Paganism to Christianity, Christianity to Reformation and Rebel. These changes capably reflect the historical shift from a boastful and violent view to a more humble and meritorious perspective.We see a shift in consciousness from the writers point of view, beginning during the Medieval epic poem Beowulf and trace the religious shift in this consciousness between Beowulf and Paradise Lost. It can be seen in these texts, (including Faustus) that although Christianity was very much a powerful model against which society was built in the Middle Ages, it is withal contradictory in spelly ways.William Shakespeare is cognize for his writings on Denmark for his work in Hamlet and it is seen in Hamlet how cultural believes were rolled together with Christianity. However, Beowulf deals with a more sinister form of the pagan/Christianity shift and that is of occult and blamed existence. The monster called Grendel causes great devastation to the public and inhabitants of Denmark, much to the dismay of King Hrothgar who has continued a long lineage of severe and mighty kings.At this stage of literature, there was still a vast amount of emphasis placed on mythology and the belief in demons and monsters. One similarly has to be aware in this baptistry of the parallels to Christian stories that follow the same lines as Beowulf does. For instance, Beowulf does not come from the same folks as the king and his tribe are known as Geats. If we look at the subtle nature of this story, we can form a link between David and demon or steady Saint George and the Dragon.Beowulf lies in wait for the monster to arrive at the court and slays Grendel with his bare hands. The same is true but in varying degrees of the Biblical David and Goliath proerb. St George and the Dragon also has the same connotation in it. Beowulf also struggles with Grendels mother who comes to avenge her sons death.Beowulf slays h er too but has to swim to the depths of a lake in order to find her. In this tale there is also a sentimental relationship to the story of King Arthur, a legend that has been intertwined with Christianity over the years. In Arthurian legend, Avalon is situated in the middle of a lake from which a lady is reputed to hoist the sword of Excalibur the sword that rules Camelot. Arthurian legend canonizes the same tale found in Beowulf, only making it appear less savage and pagan.A throng of sorrows I have borne from Grendel but immortal still workingwonder on wonder, the Warden-of-Glory.(Beowulf, XIV 920-923).There is clear reference above that God was indeed used and referenced in this poem, but God is also used somewhat as a talisman rather than as an all powerful supernatural being. In the same passage, God is referred to as the God of ages and the Mighty Maker (Beowulf, XIV 936 & 985). Despite these references to God, there is still a great deal of emphasis placed on the monster who is representative of demonic power.There is a symbolic reference to the mother of Grendel and also to the Queen, whom in Christianity can be seen as Delilah and Mary. Grendels mother is the dark location of the female Christian form, the one that is corrupt and subject to failure, while Wealhtheow is the mother figure who bestows upon her minions the strength and capability to fight flagitious.In typically pagan stories, evil and good are not conceptual, but have to be referred to in terms of something tangible. It is for this reason that the numerous offenses undertaken by Beowulf are always against some dreadful being such as a monster or a dragon and are never the inner most battles that are truly fought against evil. In Christianity, evil is possessed by every man and woman and the only way to thwart this inner evil, is to have God on your side. The pagan beliefs and mythology take physical representations of the inner battles that mankind faces.The Tragical History of D r. Faustus is Christopher Marlowes best known work. Unlike Beowulf, Faustus is aware of the dangers of the practice he is getting into because he is forewarned that the occult is not to be trifled with. Dr. Faustus essentially sells his soul to Lucifer in exchange for success as a practitioner of the magical arts.Dr Faustus, despite numerous misgivings at various stages of the pledge, accepts that he has now signed his soul to the devil in a blood pact. Together with Mephastophilis, Lucifers own right-hand man, Faustus is fully rewarded and begins a series of assaults on humanity which includes the harassment of the Pope himself. In this play the symbolism of power is a great driving force for mans downfall. Adam and Eve were instructed not to eat from the tree of knowledge upon which forbidden fruit grew, they ate of the fruit and were afflicted. In this story, Faustus too is warned against delving too mystical into the occult, but his quest for knowledge and power is too great.F austus signs the pact with his own blood which is symbolic of Christs blood only that in Faustus case the blood threw him into sin, while Christs blood cleanses it. There is, in the Quatro of 1616 a dialogue between the Good Angel and the Evil Angel. This is extremely outstanding when considering that there had been a deep conflict between Medieval paganism and Renaissance Christianity.

Basic Marketing

There are at least three reasons why some customers are non satisfied with the products of certain firms and why micromarketing on the part of a intersection-oriented company that is uneconomical can cost too much. One is that a firm way on micromarketing faces the challenge of producing a wide variety of goods or services to a large number of specific and small markets. If such company is inefficient and focuses mostly on production, it will be unable to produce quality goods and services.As a result, its dexterity to meet the expectations of its specific clients will be direly affected, thereby fall the satisfaction of the customers in the long run. Another reason is that a firm that faces the challenge of producing more goods than what it initially believes it can produce requires more of the raw materials it needs in order to meet that higher target. If the company is inefficient in producing such quantity and quality of goods, it is highly likely that the goods produced w ill lack the basic quality standards.In order to compensate for the inefficiency in the production of such goods, the firm will be most likely forced to reproduce or inspire some of its finished products, increasing expenses in the end. Lastly, customers are not satisfied with certain firms that are inefficient in the micromarketing field because such firms lack the ability to focus on the various goods and services that they offer due to multiple markets. 2.Technology impacts marketing environment including the opportunities, challenges and estimable issues that applied science possesses. Technology greatly enhances the opportunities for firms because modern tools enable these companies to produce more and target a wider range of clients across geographical boundaries. The use of computers and efficient machines can also increase the efficiency of companies in the production of quality goods in larger quantities. The internet can also be a stronghold of these firms in advertisi ng their products.Technology also creates certain challenges for these companies, challenges such as harnessing the technology and using it to its fullest potential. Other challenges include competing with other companies using the same technological strategies in the same market and keeping updated with the recent marketing technologies. Lastly, technology also raises certain ethical issues such as the issue of whether it is chastely sound for certain firms to replace human labor with machineries.Another ethical issue is whether it is morally sound for companies to use technological tools in spying on the internal performance of their competitors in order to pull in certain advantages. Moreover, technology also raises the ethical issue of whether it is morally fitting for firms to produce goods out of the technology available that can potentially bring harm to the buying public and to its competitors just to gain large profits.

How Effective Are Drip Irrigation Systems Environmental Sciences Essay

The article evaluates the efficiency, effectivity, societal, economic and environmental impacts of the drip irrigation organization. The strain irrigation system has the possible to increase the untaught productiveness and in any event to bound off raven body of water intention required for irrigation. It is a system of pipes and tubing located under the dirt. Water is passed through these pipes which end at near the roots of the workss. This makes the water loss minimal. Initial phase is planing the system and its inst each(prenominal)ing follows it. The article states the advantages and disadvantages of the system and besides cites grounds with respect to the societal, economic and environmental facets.Poverty is one of the primordial concerns the universe faces in its route to widenment. Eradication of poorness tends to be the premier purposes of authoritiess worldwide. Lack of proper nutrition is a major cause lending to poverty. Bettering agricultural criterions can as sist in bring forthing more solid food and therefore counter the deficiency of nutrient factor. One manner to better agricultural criterions is to develop the irrigation methods used. Irrigation is closely related to poorness. Irrigation benefits the hapless through high production, higher out contrives, low hazard of crop failure and higher and twelvemonth unit of ammunition work and non-farm employment. Irrigation leads to high value market oriented agricultural production 1 . However, in developing states like India, the agricultural sector is to a great accomplishment dependent on the south-west monsoons. In position of the lifting temperatures worldwide due to pla wampumary heating and alterations of conditions forms associated with it, dependance on rains is non ever a possible solution. reverse of proper rains can stultify the agricultural sector which can squeeze to an overall rise in poorness. and then efficient methods of irrigation demand to be developed. The tri ckle irrigation system is one such method of irrigation that is being utilized. Drip irrigation is H2O salvaging, efficient and effectual lacrimation system.The article focuses on the different facets of the trickle irrigation system, its fail in poorness relief and the societal economic and environmental impacts of this design.Subsurface trickle irrigation or SDI is another manner of terming a trickle irrigation system. As verbalize by C. Shock, trickle irrigation is the slow even application of low-pressure H2O to dirt and workss utilizing plastic tube placed near the workss & A acirc root regularise 8 . Water is supplied to the dirt at really low rates from the system of the plastic tube pipes which are fitted with emitters at the terminals. Therefore loss of H2O through vaporization, H2O run-off and infiltration is minimized to a great extent. Besides H2O contact with the roots, foliages and fruits of the works is reduced which helps in bar of formation of indispositio n on the works. Since the tube is buried under the dirt, it is less at hazard of harm due to weeding and cultivation activities.Planing a subsurface trickle system requires an experient suffice interior decorator. As G. Harris has stated, proper hydraulic design is the initial measure in put ining a successful SDI system 5 . This will see to it that the system effectively trades with the restraints imposed by the harvest and dirt features, field size, topography, H2O supply and form. The system must be capable of run intoing the harvest H2O demand during the peak H2O demand times. A block or zone, which is the part of the field that can be watered at the analogous clip, is determined by the features of the trickle tube selected. The optimum tubing spacing is determined by the dirt features and the slurredness of tube arrangement. If the installings are excessively deep it will curtail the handiness of surface applied foods limits the effectivity of the system for harvest sprou ting. Adequate blushing speeds must be allowed for in the design to take deposits from the emitters. This helps to forestall the SDI system from acquiring back up and increases the system & A acirc s life.Following the planing comes the installation portion of the SDI system. Proper installing ensures that the system performs optimally and it besides determines the life of the system. Installation is done in sites which have non been cropped late as insect activity or weedy countries could destruct the pipes within yearss of installing 6 .Initially location of the tube is marked out. A subsoiler can be used or if more accurate placement is needed, GPS can besides be used. narrow down injectors are available for installing of the SDI pipes. The power and H2O beginning restrictions are to be considered during the installing of the system. Filters are besides used which helps in taking atoms and keeps the emitters from acquiring clogged.The major characteristic of this system tha t makes it extremely desirable is that the H2O usage efficiency will be better compared to other systems or methods of irrigation. Evidence put frontward by C.R. Camp show that drip irrigation systems implemented in Virginia require 30 % less H2O compared to sprinkler irrigation for cultivating maize 3 . For cotton, the H2O use was reduced significantly by 40 % . Execution of the system in Hawaii helped the husbandmans to acquire a greater output than when utilizing sprinkler irrigation system 4 . superfluous advantages includeDrip irrigation systems are suited to farms holding uneven topography or dirt texture.Precise application of foods is possible. Timely application of weedkillers, insect powders and antifungals is possible.The trickle irrigation system can be automated.Irrigation can be carried out twenty-four hours and dark regardless of the air current, daylight handiness or other cultivation activities 7 .The SDI system can be used for fertilising. Foods can be suppl ied in a sustained manner, and regulated in rate and composing, harmonizing to the harvest demands 7 .The eloquent mechanicss help in easy H2O command the figure of points provides first-class uniformity of supply.There are a figure of disadvantages for the trickle irrigation system.Initial drop is rather high for this system.Root development is limited and therefore ensuing in root putrefaction and dust jobs 7 .The emitters can acquire clogged often and cleaning it is a dearly-won and clip devouring procedure.Accretion of salts might happen at the interface between the moisture and dry zones of the dirt.It is by and large accepted that irrigation can transform society every bit good as land and landscapes. Drip irrigation has brought about a figure of compulsory and negative societal impacts. It helps in relieving poorness in irrigated countries, minimizes the differential distribution of benefits across husbandmans and increases the societal benefits 7 . The positive cons equence it has brought on the demographics of the Waitaki vale has helped arrest the population diminution 9 . The extra population would non merely beef up the societal construction and webs but besides increase economic growing. Thus services such as wellness and instruction would go more feasible. On the other manus, automated drip irrigation systems tend to necessitate less drudge and in low pay economic systems, where occupation chances lag behind growing in labour force owing to lift in population, cut downing hired labors can be socially debatable 10 . This leads to farther unemployment.Sing the economic facets, drip irrigation systems have helped husbandmans to achieve better net incomes due to higher output. Farmers can conserve H2O more and besides increase the productiveness of their farms. The output of cotton increased by 21 % in Dalby and Moree while in Lucerne, output betterment was between 13-34 % 5 . The net incomes obtained in tomato cultivation in Californ ia were approximately 867 to 1493 dollars more 12 . Water use was reduced by 45 % for maize cultivation in the Great Plains in USA 13 . In malice of all these a major hinderance in the execution of the system is the high initial cost. Designing and installing requires qualified people and moreover the cost and clip for deal of the system is besides on the higher side. However in the long tally husbandmans can do up for the high initial costs with the higher sum of output they obtain.The trickle irrigation helps in bettering the dirt surface and the environment. It allows pre treated coalbed methane Waterss to flux into the root zone of an agricultural field which minimized environmental impacts by hive awaying damaging salts in the vadose zone 11 . It reduces off-farm motions of fertilisers and pollutants and improves the H2O usage efficiency of irrigated agribusiness 3 . It offers possible for increased H2O and nitrate fertiliser efficiency and decreases land H2O taint by NO3 14 . The certain negative traits that the system has on the environment are that root putrefaction may happen and degrees of salt rises. Root development is affected taking to deficient protection against deficiency of H2O and hapless root anchorage 7 .Overall, the trickle irrigation system is an effectual manner of irrigation. It saves on H2O use and allows husbandmans to increase their farm end product. The increased end products helps counter the rise in nutrient demand and helps the poorer subdivisions of the society with more nutrient at cheaper monetary values. Evidence presented in the article show the increased harvest output. Even thought the engineering comes at a higher monetary value, the effects of implementing it will be long lasting and positive.

Case Study Jane

After reading about Jane I have learned she associates fear with neck due to events earlier in her life. No consequence how hard Jane tried to impress her father she was never good enough. As Jane grows older her father no longer hits her but instead uses money as his form of abuse. As you read you learn that she later marries a man who displays the same behaviors as her father. Jane forgives him because she associates this behavior as love.Unless Jane recalls what her aunt tried to associate love with she provide run to let herself be preyed on by both her father and her keep up. As a result if Jane continues to live the way she is Janes unhatched child will most credibly be a submissive woman or an abusive man. Through the cognitive perspective we see that Jane thinks of the behaviors displayed by her father as love. As time goes on she appears makes little to no effort to change her thought. Because for so long she has thought that these actions are displays of love.Which i n turns Jane allows her husband to do the same things as her father did through out her life, because she believes it to be a display of love. Through the behavioral perspective we see that Janes likely to continue to forgive her father and husband for there abuse. In turn she is rewarded with money in most cases. This could be the cause of her behavioral actions following the abuse, because she knows she will continue to receive money from her abusers.Through the psychodynamic perspective we learn that Janes childhood greatly impacted her life as an adult allowing the same situations to continue even after she has moved away from her father. This causing her to allow her husband to display the same behaviors and she does nothing to change them. The motivation of allowing the acts to continue could possibly be the money that is received after the abuse which she also considers a display of love.

Operational security Working Title Essay

Operational security is an extremely important part of our usual lives while in a deployed enviroment. This fact is amplified that practically more when the deployment includes creation stati superstard in a country where the enemy could go undetected, as our foes do not wear a uniform. In a war where there is no front, and as part of our out reach with the citizens of the country that we are occupying, it would be incredibily easy for our enimes to merge themselves into our everyday dealings. With that knowledge, it becomes ever more imnportant to maintain a hold of items that could easily be aquired by our foes. These items include papers, documents, unlocked computers, and realisation cards. If left unattended or unacounted for, a potential for a security breach is very likely.With a breach of security the enemy could potentially obtain information that could lead to getting a step up on our forces, and in a worst case scenario beconme directly responsible for the death of mil itary psychenel. Likewise is true for the misplacement of the militraty identification card. If left in the wrong hands, the identification card presents an oppurtunity for frodulent entry, and/or duplication. In some replications of military identification cards, detection can be difficult, if not unaccepted to untrainned persons. Due to the difficulty of detection, and the relative ease in which someone can obtain United States militray uniforms, it would be all too easy to impersonation a service memember. This could lead to all sorts of additional security problems. History has been laced with examples of people mascurading about in uniforms, doing all sorts of damages to their opposition.When an infringment of opperational security occurs, it is made that much more severe when the infraction goes unreported. Being blindsided by such a potentially devestating land site adds to the damages that could become of such an incident. Without the knowledge of a situation being out to the proper channels, it prevents proper preperation in case the infringment would turn out to become something more than a simple mistake and transforms into a bountiful scale disaster of an occurance.The easiest solution to preventing an unprepared operational security hit, aside from maintaining proper operational security is by reporting the incident as briefly as it becomes known and by not obstructing any inquires made into the infraction. If the knowledge of an unintentinal security breach is made aware to the proper channels, the necesary steps in legal profession can occur. Being prepared helps to reduce significant amounts of damages that can be done if left otherwise unprepared, and unknowledgable of any of the specifics of the nature of the breach of security. With that being said, it is without a doubt not the best course of action to keep such things in-house, or attempt to cover up infrindgments of opperational security.By attempting to cover up an event as signifi cant as an operational security breach, one can also infrindge on the military Values. The army values are a guide line for behavior and conduct. As follows are the defenition of each values and a brief description as how each are affected by attempted cover upsLoyaltyBear true faith and allegiance to the U.S. constitution, the Army, and other soldiers. Be loyal to the nation and its heritage. By not reporting decisive information, one is indirectly being disloyal to his fellow troops. Withholding information also delegates a lack of faith in anyone who could be in a position to aid in the dilema. Another element of loyalty comes from our individual loyalty to the greater good of our Army and our country. Rensis Likert said The greater the loyalty of a group toward the group, the greater is the motivation among the members to achieve the goals of the group, and the greater the probability that the group will achieve its goals. This is true in the Army today. Our loyalty to the Uni ted States of the States and the values we hold dear make us a rambunctious fighting force. I in person am loyal to the death to both the U.S. Army and my country. Loyalty is the foundation of any good friend ship and also had the ability to turn a group of common men into a fierce fighting team.DutyFulfill your obligations.Accept responsibility for your own actions and those entrusted to your care. Find opportunities to improve oneself for the good of the group.Fulfilling the Letter and Intent of Jeffersons Order. The Corps of Discovery never wavered from its mission. Additionally, Lewis, Clark, and several of the men kept journals. Sergeant Ordway was the only one to make daily entries.RespectRely upon the golden rule. How we consider others reflects upon each of us, both personally and as a professional org. Respect is one of the armys seven values but it is also one of the most important factors in our daily life.Sure you can get thru this life without having respect but it mak es it very hard.without having respect for one another we put ourselves at the bottom of the list for everything.Also if we dont show respect how can we recieve respect back and without recieving the respect from our peers or those set above us how can we ever move ahead in this life.Respect is one of the easiest things to do simply holding a door open for someone is showin them respect.In that aspect courtesy goes a long ways.This is a simple essay to compose since respect spans every part of our daily life like when we get in our car and drive to the store,jogging in the park even.pretty much everywhere we go and communicate with other people respect is involved.It is for this reason that respect is so important cus u never know when the person you hold the door for is the person deciding to accept your application for a new job or even getting you that promotion that you have been waiting so long for.anization. selfless ServicePut the welfare of the nation, the Army, and your su bordinates before your own. Selfless service leads to organizational teamwork and encompasses discipline, self-control and faith in the system.Adversity Along the Way. Hard physical motor characterized every day, but the Corps of Discovery conquered every navigational hazard and overcame a variety of physical ills boils, blisters, bunions, sunstroke, dysentery, fatigue, injuries, colds, fevers, snakebites, ticks, gnats, toothaches, headaches, sore throats, bad mosquitoes, and prickly pear cactus. laurelsLive up to all the Army valuesImportance of Character. Lewis and Clark were very thorough in selecting only the best men for the mission those who would work in concert for the good of the group and pull their own weight.IntegrityDo what is right, legally and examplely.Be willing to do what is right even when no one is looking.It is our moral compass an inner voice.Degree of Freedom. Many times the men were on their own as the captains performed their duties. On the return trip, Lewis and Clark divided the Corps of Discovery into quintet separate detachments (under the commands of Lewis, Clark, Ordway, Gass, and Pryor) to accomplish independent missions. Only two men were discharged from the expedition Reed for desertion and Newman for mutinous conduct.Personal CourageOur ability to baptistry fear, danger, or adversity, both physical and moral courage.

Case Study: Organisational Development Essay

As a means of accurately comprehending the issues in this case it is essential that analysis takes enjoin using a spue of managerial perspectives in relation to the execution of careen in order to understand the deficiencies in BA solicitudes implementation of change. A classical Organisational Development (OD) approach is focuses on changing attitudes and behaviour whereas in this case focus was solely upon improving effectiveness of governing body. accord to this perspective BA disregarded several key steps in implementing this change as no feedback was gathered from staff. The OD practitioners in this case take ineffective intrapersonal and interpersonal skills as management have failed to gain the trust of its employees and do not display personal integrity. In relation to a superstar making perspective BA did not understand that the change they intended to implement aimed to have plausibility in the eyes of employees.Hence managements approach to abandon talks over the introduction of smart cards and announce their forced implementation at just five geezerhood notice (Palmer, Dunford and identical 2009) . BA did not effectively convey to positive plausible aspects of this change as employees still thought that the system would be apply to make staff alter their working hours at little notice (Palmer, Dunford and Akin 2009) . Common to various change management approaches are that they highlight the need for communication to be not just about passing on information but allowing different voices to be heard.BA by abandoning talks with unions and employees and too in the lack of provision of appropriate information to their American customers during the strike demonstrates an inherent incapability of BA management to convey information effectively (Palmer, Dunford and Akin 2009) . Also apparent in this case is the lacking of one strong leader of multiple leaders not one person in BAs management structure took control of the situation and it se ems that BA management participated in groupthink to the detriment of the organisation namely its loss of 40 million pounds. harmonise to this perspective it is argued that the style of change will depend on the scale of change and the receptivity of organisational members (Palmer, Dunford and Akin 2009) . In the case of BA the style of change was not matched to the take of the organisation. The situation called for a collaborative style of change drawing upon input from a range of sources including employees, unions and management but instead draw upon a coercive approach thus adding further fuel to an already flamed situation, the layoff of 13000 employees.Viewing this case from a processual perspective this approach highlights a number of stages in engaging in the management of change. The third stage of this approach involves gaining acknowledgement and understanding of the importance of the problem. In relation to the BA case study prototype BA management fail to effectivel y understand the problem at hand, instead they made the choice to ignore underlying cultural issues within the organisation and proceed ahead with what they considered as the best course of action from an efficiency perspective.Evidence is found through CEO Rod Eddingtons comment that he was unaware that there was even a respect deficit to be plugged (Palmer, Dunford and Akin 2009) . In order to address the issues relating to the implementation of change in this case analysis of why BA has failed should take place. In doing this BA management should attempt to understand why their method of implementing change failed from a range of perspectives. From this BA can develop new strategies for implementing change for example using a particular change management perspective and moulding it to fit the needs of the organisation.A solution to the problem encountered by BA in this case would be to be more proactive in their change management strategies. If BA are continuously working toward change making use of employee opinions and feedback within the organisation, large scale changes such as the implementation of smart card technologies in this circumstance would encounter less resistance to change as BA would gain the trust and support of its employees due to their participation in the design and implementation of change within the organisation.In conclusion it can be identified that BA in this case have managed their implementation of change very peaked(predicate) from analysis of a range of approaches relating to implementation of change and it is proposed that BA being more proactive and making use of a participative approach would be serious to the continued organisational development of this business. Bibliography Palmer, Ian, Richard Dunford, and Gib Akin. Managing Organizational Change A Multiple Perspectives Approach. New York McGraw-Hill, 2009.

Acquiring the existing firm Essay

Abstract1. Compargon the advantages and disadvantages of acquiring the actual firm, and continuing exertion in Korea through acquisition for Zip-6. 2. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of re-purchasing the licensing agreement and either establishing Zip-6 subsidiary through Greenfield venture and producing in South Korea, exporting the product to Korea, franchising to another firm or relicensing to another firm. 3. State your choice of options to pursue and reasons for this choice.Answers1. If you get it right, at that place give notice be many vertical reasons why buying an existing backing could make good business sense. Remember though, that you will be taking on the legacy of the previous business owner, and you direct to be aware of every aspect of the business you are about to buy. Advantages areSome of the bag to get the business up and running will have been done. It whitethorn be easier to obtain pay as the business will have a proven track record. A busine ss invent and marketing method should already be in place. A market for the product or function will have already been demonstrated. There are maybe established customers, a reliable income, a reputation to capitalize and build on and useful network of contacts. Many of the problems will have been observed and solved already. Existing employees should have experience you can draw on.Disadvantages areZip-6 will often carry to invest a large of amount up front, and will also have to budget for nonrecreational fees for solicitors, surveyors, accountants etc.. It will probably also need several months of working capital to assist with cash flow. If the business has been neglected Zip-6 may need to invest quite a bit more on assoil of the purchase price to give it the best chance ofsuccess. Ravi and Keith may need to honour or renegociate any outstanding contracts the previous owner leaves in place. They also need consider why the live owner is selling up and how this great power impact the business and they are (Zip-6) taking it over. It is possible certain staff may not be happy with a new boss, or the business might have been run badly and staff morale may be low.2. I will place licensing agreement in this case we are talking about an international licensing agreement which allow orthogonal firms, either exclusively or non -exclusively to manufacture a proprietors product for a contumacious term in a specific market. Licensing is a relatively flexible work agreement that can be customized to fit the needs and interests of both, licensor and licensee. Advantages of using an international licensing agreement are Is highly attractive for companies that are new in international business. Obtain extra income for technical know-how and servicesQuick expand without untold risk and large capital enthronisation. Reach new markets not accessible by export from existing facilities. Political risk is minimized as the licensee is usually one hundred percent loc ally owned. go along established markets closed by trade restrictions.Pave the way for future investments I the market.Disadvantages are humble income than in other entry modes.Risk of having the trademark and reputation ruined by an impotent quisling The foreign partner can also become a competitor by selling its production in places where the parental company is already in. Loss of control of the licensee manufacture and marketing trading operations and practices wind to loss of quality.Franchising agreement compare to licensing agreement tends to be longer and the franchisor offers a broader package of rights and resources which usually includes ,equipment, managerial systems, operation manual, initialtrainings, site approval and all the contribute necessary for the franchisee to run business in the same way it is done by the franchisor. Franchising is limited to trademarks and operating know-how of the business.Advantages of the international franchising areLow policy-maki ng riskLow costAllows simultaneous expansion into different regions of the world. Well selected partners bring financial investment as well as managerial capabilities to the operation.Disadvantages areFranchise may turn into competitors.Demand of franchisees may scare when starting to franchise a company, which can lead to making agreements with persecute candidates. A wrong franchisee may ruin the companys name and reputation in the market. Comparing to other modes such as exporting and even licensing, international franchising requires a greater financial investment to attract prospects and support and manage franchisees. The key success for franchising is to avoid sharing strategic activity with any franchisee. Especially for Zip-6 Co they do have a secret ingredients to their soft drink. Sharing those strategic activity may cast up the potential of the franchisee to be their future competitor due to the knowledge and strategic spill over.Greenfield investment is psychiatric hospital of a new wholly owned subsidiary, its often complex and potentially costly, but it is able to allow for full control to the firm and has the most potential to provide above average return. Greenfield is more apparent preferred where physical capital intensive plants are planned. It is high risk due to the costs of establishing a new business in new country Zip-6 may need to acquire knowledge and expertise of existing market by third parties, such consultant, competitors, or business partners. And also this entry dodging takes much time due to the need of stablishing new operations, distribution network, and the necessity to learn and implement captivate marketing strategies to compete with rivals in a new a market.3. My option will be science because its quick access and it offers thefastest, and largest, initial international expansion of any of the alternative. It is also a way to gain greater market power. It is lower risk than Greenfield investment because of the outcomes of an acquisition can be estimated more well and accurately. In overall, acquisition is attractive if there are well established firms already in operations or competitors want to enter the region. Of course there are many disadvantages and problems in achieving acquisition success. unless where there is risk there is also success.Referenceshttp//www.export.gov/foreign_market_entry_modes.https//www.business.qld.gov.au/business//business/buying. Retrieved from Global Business Today, 8th stochastic variable (Charles W. L. Hill 2014). 2012 books.lardbucket.org/books/challenges-and-opportunities-in-international-business/s13-exporting-importing-and-global.html.

Application Software

LP2 denomination Applications Software Managing Information Systems David Khuong discipline American University Author Note This writing was prepared for Managing Information Systems, Course ID MT3500/CI3510, taught by Dr. Kim Eastern LP2 Assignment Applications Software The three primary features commonly workoutd applications software that will be summarized in this paper are personal application software, workgroup application software, and enterprise application software.Personal Application Softwares 1) contrive processing helps create, edit and print text documents. I. e. , Microsoft word, Corel WordPerfect, Google Docs, Apple Pages and Sun Writer. 2) Spreadsheet provides a wide range of underlying functions for statistical, financial, logical, database, graphics, and date and time calculations. I. e. , Microsoft Excel, IBM Lotus 1-2-3, Google Spreadsheet, Apple Numbers and Sun Calc. 3) Database stores, manipulate, and retrieve data.I. e. , Microsoft Access, IBM Lotus App roach, Borland dBASE, and Sun Base. 4) artistry develop graphs, illustrations, and drawings. I. e. , Adobe Illustrator and Adobe FreeHand. 5) Project management plans, schedule, allocate, and control raft and resources needed to complete a project according to schedule. 6) Financial management provides income and expense tracking and reporting to monitor and plan budgets. I. e. , compass Quicken. ) Desktop publishing use with personal computers and high-resolution printers to create high-quality printed output, including text and graphics, various styles of pages can be laid out art and text files from other programs can also be integrated into produce pages. I. e. , Quark Xpress, Microsoft Publisher, Adobe PageMaker, Corel Ventura Publisher, and Apple Pages. Workgroup Application Software Support local and international teamwork and utilizes groupware software that helps groups of people work together more effectively.Groupware is defined by Ernst & Youngs rules Three Cs. * sa tisfactory if its too hard to use, its not used it should be as easy to use as the telephone. * Content it must provide a constant stream of rich, relevant, and personalized content. * Coverage if it isnt conveniently accessible, it might never be used. Enterprise Application Software * Software developed to make the entire organization. * (ERP) Enterprise resource planning software set of integrated programs that manage a fraternitys critical business operations for an national and international organization. Application software is integral for teaching Decision Support, and Specialized Purposes. Overall the application software applies the power of the computer to solve problems and perform limited tasks throughout the organization from personal, local to global level. References Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition. Chapter 2, Hardware and Software. Retrieved from https//online. national. edu/d2l/lms/content/ attestant/main_frame. d2l? ou=20924&tId=921805

HR Plan of Action for QV Solar LLC Essay

QV Solar LLC has experienced rapid offset that has seen an increase it its staff from 15 to 54 last year in spite of the global stinting recession. In order to maintain the position and develop the company as a green company, the friendships HR proposes a series of strategies that go away encourage change and an increase in intersectionivity. The policies exit mainly focus primarily on improving the efficiency of the Companys current work force since hiring of new employees volition not be an immediate viable scheme.The plan will indicate reservation the staff understand the companys mission better by reevaluating their roles and understanding what is specifically anticipate of them for enhanced success of the company. In order to realize effective change among staff, the HR will target capacity building and teamwork as key concepts of management and ensure that adequate resources are provided to facilitate asylum of an environment that favors much success.The HR will desig n a structure that facilitates constructive feedback from all departments in order to facilitate a systematic flow of information at various organization levels. The beam flow of information will ultimately lead to the development of better opportunities for a more rapid growth of the company. QV Solar LLCs HR Plan of Action will be based on Joel Ross and Michael Kamis opinion that managers should avoid organizational rigor mortis that change is inevitable, and the organization as well as its people must accommodate the change (McConnell 315).The plan of action will also embrace the occurrence that the only thing that lasts in organizations is change. That change is with organizations and keeps accelerating them. This change will not be produced by informal action only save will also be a factor of external actions- such as consideration of the value of customers to the company (McConnell 315). The HR will focus on changes in product innovation by ensuring that solar panels are tailored as per customer specifications.In order to chance on this, QV Solar LLC should focus on feedback from staff when they install solar panels for customers. Along this line, staff should be ingenious to facilitate better installation and human relation with customers. The training course will entail integration of staff and customer ideas to ensure that the solar panels are of the highest quality and thus promote QV Solar LLC as a greener company. The training program will be followed by a follow-up evaluation to monitor lizard its effectiveness with a view that customers ideas are vital for the Companys success.The Companys accusing to maintain a clean environment will be facilitated by incorporating customers in a program where they can return their panels to the company for recycling as a means of exercising corporate responsibility. This will also emphasize the fact that change is realized not only from within an organization but also from customers and the prevailin g environment. In order to capture a larger share of the market, the HR will review staff performance from time to time and ensure that their skills are constantly ameliorated.This will be will be achieved by ensuring that the employees can work in various departments in different capacities in order to develop a multiplicity of skills that will enhance the companys productivity without needs having to hire more staff. In summary, QV Solar LLCs Plan of Action will entail strategies that force at improving productivity by improving the efficiency of employees while recognizing the customer as the roughly important part of the organization.

Unexpected Benefits

In the fourteenth century, the locution of europium was forever changed by a devastating verit satisfactory(a)t k directlyn as the dark wickedness. This molest would rear its ugly head sequence and again through come to the fore Europe in lesser outbreaks right up through the eighteenth century, when it in the long run disappeared from the continent for good. However, its initial appearance happened in the fourteenth century, and this debut performance was its most dramatic and destructive.Callight-emitting diode the grand mortality by contemporary writers1, for the great number of good deal killed in the outbreak, the term black plague or black death became more commonly used later on as more outbreaks hit the European continent. Carried by fleas on rats, the gruesome evoke is now commonly thought to be bubonic plague, a disease characterized by sub-dermal hemorrhages that blacken the skin it is juicyly contagious and has a high mortality rate. It is thought that sham eful Plague first entered Europe from Asia, along the silk roads that merchants used to go between the continents for the purposes of trade. 4 1Boccaccio, Giovani.The Decameron. Signet Classics bracing York. 2002 (reissue). 4Kelly, John. The Great Mortality An Intimate History of the Black Death, the Most ruin Plague of All Time. Harper Collins New York. 2005. When the Black Plague first hit Europe, the conditions in Europe were ripe for a devastating outbreak. Warfare and a widespread famine that lasted nearly a century had weakened the cosmos of Europe to the point that the people were extremely vulner open to disease. Famine as well as hurt productivity by weakening perishers, thus further reducing the out pitch of aliment and different necessity goods it was an ugly, self-perpetuating cycle.In a cosmos already suffering and on the brink of disaster, the Black Plague, which first make its European appearance in 1347, was a final push toward a dramatic re-alignment of so ciety. Over terzetto of the population of Europe was killed by the Black Plague (and over half the population in Britain). It wiped out sinless families, and even entire communities. When it was over, the stunned and decimated population had to compositors case a virtual rebuilding of their entire society from scratch.However, as devastating as the Black Plague was on the inhabitants of Europe, and as hard as things were on the survivors, the Black Plague did have some upset(prenominal) benefits for the survivors and their descendants, benefits that would improve the overall quality of feel for everyone in Europe, peasants included, for generations to come. One of the most immediate benefits to survivors of the Black Plague was an increase in wages. Before the population was decimated by the Black Plague, Europe had been drastically overpopulated for its resources, resulting in widespread poverty, especially among the peasants.After the Black Plague, however, labor came at a pr emium, due to the reduction in the population. There were not nearly as many people easy to do much- inevitable work, and therefore those who were available to do it were more sought- later on. As a result, wages increased, because employers were now competing for the smaller pool of workers, rather than workers competing for a smaller pool of jobs, as had been the case before. With higher wages, survivors were fracture able to provide for their families, and the standard of living for many families dramatically increased.In fact, some families fortunes increased so dramatically that they began to live as the nobility did, dressing in fine clothes, living in fine houses, and even employing servants of their own. In some European countries, the nobility were so threatened by the stark naked upward mobility of the peasants that laws were enacted that regulate just what the peasant class could wear and where they could live, so as to prevent the peasant class from change with the n obility or trying to become part of the nobility2.In fact, increased opportunities for social advancement were another unexpected benefit of the Black Plague for survivors. Before the Black Plague, Europe was fairly 2Cantor, Norman. In the Wake of the Plague The Black Death and the World it Made. Harper Perennial New York. 2002. entrenched in the feudal system, whereby peasants worked the put down for wealthy nobles, being allowed to take only a small portion of the harvest they worked to bring in for their own use, and being pretty much tied to the land of their patron for life.After the Black Plague, the surviving population realized it now had options. With so few peasants available to work the land, landlords began competing to attract tenants to their estates, a phenomenon that was new in Europe. Previous to the Black Plague, landlords had a self-propagating population of peasants on their land, generation upon generation of families that stayed on the same land, on the same e state, and worked under whatever conditions the landlord set, as there was nowhere else for them to go.However, after the Black Plague, landlords strikeered incentives for peasants to come work their land, incentives ranging from actual wages to improved living conditions to increased freedoms. In fact, some historians believe that the conditions in Europe just after the end of the initial Black Plague laid the roots of what was to become capitalism centuries later. A reduction in the population as well meant that there was an increase in the amount of stiff land available to the population.With entire families wiped out, sometimes noble or land-owning families, their land became available, land that had often been in the same family for centuries. This origin up of new land created opportunities not only for landlords to increase their holdings and attract new peasants to work for them, but also created opportunities for upwardly mobile peasants to become landowners in their o wn right. With land available for those who could afford to purchase it, many peasants found that their newfound increase in wages also bought them the chance to become settled on their own land, and, in effect, their own masters.The Black Plague also, in effect, put an end to the century-long famine in Europe. With fewer people to feed, there was more food available for those who were left. The opening up of new, tillable land on which to grow food, the demand for labor that produced more food, and the increase in wages that allowed a family to buy more food, all led to an increase in consumable food available for everyone. As a result of the Black Plague, the survivors became better nourished and healthier, and thus better able to work to produce more food, as well as better able to fight off new outbreaks of disease as they came.Even with an increase in wages and other benefits attracting most of the available workers after the Black Plague, there were still too few people aroun d to work to do everything that needed to be done in the time in which it needed to be done. Therefore, out of need, a embarrassment of labor-saving devices began to be invented following the Black Plague. These devices helped to speed along necessary work, and reduced the number of people necessary to complete certain jobs. The spinning wheel is an excellent example of this.The spinning wheel was a post-Black Plague invention that dramatically reduced the time and effort involved in turning wool into thread. 3 With more thread able to be produced more quickly than by traditional methods, cloth was able to be weaved quicker and in greater quantities, thus creating an abundance of fabric available for sale and for individualized use. Springs and gears were invented to control the hands of clocks. Horseshoes and spring carriages were invented that eased the burden of travel and increased its efficiency.Three-crop field whirling was invented, which increased farming efficiency by dr opping the old conception of individual farming plots and introducing the idea of open-field communal farming. In addition, heavier plows with wheels and horizontal plowshares were invented, which saved much time and labor in the process of farming. Finally, the supreme of all medieval inventions, the printing press, was invented post-Black Plague, an invention that saved an enormous amount of time and energy by ending the need of copying books by hand, thus making the written word more wide available to the general public.3 3Herlihy, David. The Black Death and the Transformation of the West. Harvard University Press Cambridge. 1997. The effects of the Black Plague were snarl in every facet of life, not just social and economic. The Black Plague utterly changed the face of life in Europe forever. The plague even affected the art of the times. Whereas before the Black Plague, sacred themes were the most common topic of art, after the Black Plague, a more pessimistic feeling perva ded a society that was terrified of the plague returning.As a result, themes of death became dominant in the artwork for more than a century after the plague. The prestige and authority of the Church were also negatively affected by the Black Plague. Because the church service was not able to cure victims of the plague, or even explain what was causing the plague, cynicism of the church grew among the populace. As a result, many sought out alternatives to the traditional church, particularly through smaller religious cults such(prenominal) as self-flagellants (who flogged themselves in atonement for the sins that supposedly brought on the plague).Others sought out secular solutions to ending the plague. Further, because so many monks died in the plague (from living in close quarters and from generously tending the sick), the church experienced an influx of new, less dedicated clergy, who were more opportunistic than the old guard, and contributed to an upcoming period of frightful corruption within the Catholic church that eventually led to the Protestant Reformation. 2While the Black Plague was a devastating event for all of Europe, killing millions, it left behind conditions that lead to some positive changes in European society. While wiping out entire families and towns, the Black Plague nonetheless created a fertile priming for economic improvement and upward social mobility for the underclass in its wake. The Black Plague led to the dip of the feudal system and created the conditions that later ushered in the Age of Enlightenment.It ushered in a new age of labor-saving inventions that changed the face of production in the world. Because it was such a powerful force on both society and the psyche, the Black Plague also ushered in an era of change in both art and religion, changes that eventually led to the Protestant Reformation, which in turn led to the founding of America by the Puritans. The Black Plague, though it destroyed, also provided the seed s of sowing something new and good. 2Cantor, Norman. In the Wake of the Plague The Black Death and the World it Made.Harper Perennial New York. 2002. Bibliography Boccaccio, Giovani. The Decameron. Signet Classics New York. 2002 (reissue). Cantor, Norman. In the Wake of the Plague The Black Death and the World it Made. Harper Perennial New York. 2002. Herlihy, David. The Black Death and the Transformation of the West. Harvard University Press Cambridge. 1997. Kelly, John. The Great Mortality An Intimate History of the Black Death, the Most devastate Plague of All Time. Harper Collins New York. 2005.

The case of “Janet Cooke and the Washington Post” in the frame of Robinson

Nowa eld, our everyday life can not be assumed without deviance being inherent in upbringing, at workplace and other beas. The most common type of deviance can be observed at the workplace. Although this field is quite new, various patternualizations are brought forward by different scientists.At this point the query of Robinson and Greenberg (1998) is worth plot of land. These researchers distinguish five dimensions of deviance perpetrator, intention, target, performance and consequence. In the following paragraph, the case of Janet Cooke and the Washington Post bothow for be analyzed in the scope of in a higher place-mentioned dimensions.Profound analysis of the case studyAccording to Robinson and Greenbergs five dimensions, perpetrator might be in spite of appearancer or remoter (Robinson and Greenberg, 1998). In this case, being involved in an illegal follow up Janet Cooke can be described as a perpetrator. So, working as a reporter in the Washington Post, she is an i nsider (somebody) and not an organization.Deviant action can be executed intention bothy or circumstantially (Robinson and Greenberg, 1998). Clearly, Cookes intentions were to get achievement and reputation, while using a spurious way to be on the list of well-known and recognized journalists. So, Cooke intentionally cheated both society and organization she was a part of, endeavoring to adopt her mercenary intentions.In my point of view, the action of this reporter was not intentionally harmful, targeting either organization or lot. Obviously, while writing the story about Jimmy, she did not suppose that her action would bring great disparage to the reputation of the Washington Post. In addition, she did not expect her article to be awarded Pulitzer.Robinson and Greenberg divide targets of deviant actions into these categories inside and outside individual and organizational additional. So, Janets action directed toward both inside organization (Washington Post) and outside r eaders of newspaper. Apart from it, organizational (organization itself) and additional (people reading Janets article) targets can be defined in this case, as both of these categories were misled.Information given in Janets article was based on non- effectual and exaggerated story. Consequently, the action of Janet, having an illegal basis, disrupts both organizational and societal norms. Certainly, if organizational norms and behavior are contrasted by actions of an individual, they are plainly foc apply on personal interests, being a workplace deviance.Although Janet did not expect, her action resulted in forbid consequences. First of all, the reputation of the newspaper she worked for was seriously damaged. Apart from it, such kind of activity is shameful for the predict of journalism. The core of journalism is to provide society with valid and credible information, whereas, her action ran counter to it.Conclusion aft(prenominal) having analyzed this case, it can be concluded that all the actions having illegal intentions should be avoided, otherwise, consequences can be unavoidably harmful for both society and organization, either intentionally or unintentionally.ReferencesRobinson, Sandra L Greenberg Jerald. Employees Behaving Badly Dimensions, Determinants and Dilemmas in the hear of Workplace Deviance. Trends in Organizational Behavior, volume 5. Edited by Cooper, C.L, and D.M. Rousseau, 1998.IACA INTERNATIONAL ANTI-Concepts and Issues in CorruptionSince ancient time natural practice of laws and regulations within countries all over the world film always been different, having their own principles and peculiarities. Clearly, laws have always been discipline to amendment, though, some of them accepted in one country are completely objected at another one.So, this bit paves the way for people and businesses to avoid law without breaking it in either their own countries or abroad. In the modern, rapidly developing world globalization and neo-li beralism heavily contribute to this process (Passas, 2005). The provided essay will wrangle the fancys of lawful, but awful and crimes without law violation in the context of the Azerbaijan Republic, trying to find out differences and aspects they are based on. Moreover, there will be given examples to clarify it.The theory of lawful, but awfulThe concept of lawful, but awful was originally developed by professor Nikos Passas describing it as activities being legal while having negative consequences or eluding regulations and laws not accepted in this or that country (2005). Prior to handsome examples reflecting the concept of lawful, but awful in the Republic of Azerbaijan, three categories of it defined by Passas will be given Firstly, corporations have legal businesses while producing harmful or dangerous products such as cigarettes, weapons, and alcohol (Passas, 2005).Secondly, despite producing usanceful products for the society corporations release toxic materials, waste s, and etc., causing damage to society, environment and country (Passas, 2005). Finally, the ternion category describes some industries pursing public purposes mostly aimed at raising money rather than positively bestow to the society, thus resulting in negative outcomes (Passas, 2005). A few examples will be given to illustrate the concept of lawful, but awfulShadow education in AzerbaijanThe shadow education is the term describing extra education provided by teachers for extra money beyond the official curriculum (Transparency International, 2013).It is a widespread example of this concept severely spreading in some parts of the world. Turning to Azerbaijan there are many actual examples of this term. Since the Soviet Union collapsed many public sectors have deteriorated including the education system. In recent years, people have intensively been concentrated on education and career making to cope with stiff competition on the labor market. AAdditionally, the salaries of teache rs do not conform to standards and salute of living in our country. Consequently, all the above mentioned circumstances have given teachers the opportunity to riposte advantage of them, getting involved in insular tutoring to raise extra revenues.Studying for exams to enter universities and other educational institutions most of current students tend to take extra classes to get scores they target as curriculum taught at school is deliberately take down by teachers to attract more students to their private tutoring. Although this type of activity is not prohibited by the law provided a teacher pays taskes to government, yet such type of private tutoring has a negative impact on the level of education within the country.Difficulties of entrepreneurship issuance in AzerbaijanSome years ago potential businessmen used to go through complex stages to have their entrepreneurships issued. Initially, they had to be involved in long procedures taking ivty days until they were implement ed, thus preventing many of them to set up businesses. Apart from it paved the way for corruption, involving bribery, to accelerate the process of entrepreneurship issuance.Consequently, all the above indicated factors impeded the development of the private business sector being one of the important contributors in the economy of the country and well-being of the society. Due to the latest reforms this procedure has been reduced to only two days, exhilarating the development of private sector.The concept of Crimes without law violationThe concept of crimes without law violation is based on principles involving elusion of regulations and laws using various frauds and loopholes without infringing national or international legislation.Tax machinations in AzerbaijanIn the Republic of Azerbaijan a person involved in entrepreneurship is supposed to pay tax incomees to the government depending on their let go ofover of business. Having a turnover not exceeding 120000 manats per year phys ical and legal persons are supposed to pay four percent modify tax. However, if this amount is over 120000 manats, entrepreneurs are supposed to pay 18% value added tax (VAT) (taxes.gov.az, 2015).Clearly, this large happy chance paves the way for tax evasion with many business people coming up with tricks to evade tax legislation. One of the tricks is to establish a few companies having different names and TINs sharing turnover among them so as not to pay 18% VAT. Consequently, this action is considered to be violation, however, no law is broken, thus reflecting the concept of crimes without law violationSale and purchase machinations in AzerbaijanAccording to property and tax legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan, when selling or purchasing a real estate, an owner is supposed to pay taxes to government. One is supposed to pay four percent providing property price does not exceed 120000. However, the amount over this sum is prevail over to 18%.So, some tricks are also used to evade this tax. Usually, seller and buyer agree to reduce the cost of property in the sale and purchase agreement to the amount being less than 120000. Consequently, in fact, these people are not involved in tax evasion as official documents have valid information with no law violation, though, their machination involves tricks to defraud the government.ConclusionIt can be clearly concluded that, all countries over the world have laws and regulations, though they often differ from each other depending on a country. However, businesses and individuals having different intentions are often aimed at finding loopholes to avoid law violation and punishment, while engage their goals. Obviously, it is challenging for countries to monitor this activity with no law broken and anybody to bring to justice.Exactly, there are plastered reasons contributing to the above-mentioned tendency. Primarily, shadow education arises from law salaries and drawbacks in educational system, making teachers and people turn to private tutoring. As regards the example of tax machination, it is obvious that it is based on some flaws in the tax code, such as a large gap between 4% and 18% tax, inciting people to use tricks to elude high taxes. Consequently, along with public awareness these loopholes should be filled in, otherwise, this tendency is not subject to healthy change.

Is Evolution True Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Is Evolution True - Essay ExampleIndividuals who be pack purify survival characteristics will have greater chance of reproducing and pass on those characteristics to the off springs (Shubin, 2009).Comparative design is the evidence that two different species of animals share similar anatomical similarities such as similar devise structures. For example, whales and hummingbirds have tetrapod skeletons that are inherited from a common ancestor. However, their bodies have changed and parts have been lost finished natural selection. Another example that clearly demonstrates this is the similarities between crocodiles and alligators (Coyne, 2010).Comparative embryology is another concept supporting the supposition of natural selection. All vertebrate embryos follow a similar developmental path because of their common ancestry. These embryos have a similar basic body plan due to the similar set of genes they exhibit. For example, the embryos of humans, fish, birds and rabbits look t ruly similar during the early stages. In addition, they all have gill slits and two-chambered heart (Shubin, 2009).In conclusion, phylogeny by natural selection can still be exhibited in day to day life. For example, at present bacteria and viruses are constantly becoming resistant to antibiotics that would work effectively previously. Also, if two people get into a fight, the strongest is likely to win or whereby the strongest and fastest sperm cell usually fertilizes the ovum in

Belle Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Belle Technologies - Essay ExampleThe engineers were besides irritated with his obsessive ness with perfection even when it was not required like the diction, fonts etc. of compose documents. All this worked against him and despite being the most loyal employee of the company he did not receive wellhead-behaved appraisals from his subordinates and was finally demoted.A Hersey and Blanchard would never say that Derek is leading the in the buffly hired engineers properly because the approach they deliberate in and the approach Derek applied was totally different. Though Derek expected greatness from his hot recruits he by choice maintained a distance from them because he believed that its better if they learn on their own. Whereas Hersey and Blanchard thought that the recruits are in the R1 stage and the leader should use the notice style of leadership and take time out as more(prenominal) as possible to tell them what to do and give specific directions on how to proceed and slay the work satisfactorily.A Hersey and Blanchard would not agree with Dereks leadership of the experienced engineers. Derek believed in supervising them in every step of their work. According to him he checked with them as much as six times a day to see whether everything is going well or not. This naturally irritated the engineers a lot. On the new(prenominal) hand Hersey and Blanchard believed that at this stage the experienced workers should be allowed to work on their own as much as possible and give them advice and suggestions when they rattling require it. This way they will feel that they are commendable enough to be trusted completely.Q.4 Now that they have a new manager, Sinha, how do you think the new engineers ought to be led Your recommendationsA The new manager Sinha should follow Hersey and Blanchards approach of leadership. He should understand that the new recruits are fresh out of college and would require time, encouragement and guidance to understand work. They are in the R1 stage, which is the telling stage from the leadership point of view. Therefore Sinha should not wait for them to ask questions, as they might be skeptical and conscious that whether they are asking the right questions or not. So Sinha should resort to one-way parley and keep directing them from time to time approximately what is required and also, guide them on how to go about it.Q.5 Now that they have a new manager, Olin, how do you think the experienced engineers ought to be led Your recommendationsA The experienced engineers should be left alone. With experience they have become experts in their fields and they very well know how to do their work. Unnecessary interference will irritate them and they might even gossip on their leaders back. All this might affect the leadership position of the leader negatively. Therefore advice should be given when really required. They must be led by thrusting complete trust on their abilities. The leader should forever be available to them and should not be too task centered. The leader should create a more participating and friendly atmosphere to successfully lead this group.

Local government taxes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Local government taxationes - turn out ExampleThe poorest twenty percent of Americans, on average, pay a combined local and state tax rate of eleven percent go those in the wealthy bracket only pay quint and a half percent. This disparity becomes even more pronounced in the Washington State, which possesses the most regressive system of tax with the poorest twenty percent paying an average rate of seventeen percent while the wealthy families pay only 2.3%. What are the most regressive and progressive states? Progressive States The most standout peculiarity of regressive tax states is the progressive nature of income taxes and less reliance on fret and sales taxes. Vermont taxes, for example, are among the least regressive in the US due to their highly progressive income tax and decreased excise and sales taxes (Davis et al 3). Vermonts tax system is also rendered as a little below the belt because of the refundable EITC. Delawares income tax regime, however, is not progressiv e, but the high reliance it has on income taxes and low utilization of manipulation taxes makes its tax system only slightly regressive. The District of Columbia and New York have each achieved a tax system that is close to humdrum overall via the use of generous EITCs, as well as an income tax that has relatively high top rates (Davis et al 3). However, it should be noted that the least regressive states as far as tax policy is concerned generally still fail to date the criteria that most people would consider as a minimal standard of tax fairness. In these states, nearly middle or low-income groups truly pay more local and state income tax than the wealthy actually do. New Jersey is another of the progressive states with their legislature passing a millionaires tax, which was vetoed however, by the regulator for the third straight year. The revenue raised from this would have helped offset property tax decreases for middle class. Finally, Rhode Island came up with an innovati ve tax idea to reduce incrementally corporate taxes to companies that created employment over a 3-year period in the state, which was a progressive move. Regressive States On the other side, of the tax regimes are ten states that have curiously regressive state and local taxes. These include Alabama, Pennsylvania, Nevada, Arizona, Illinois, Texas, Tennessee, South Dakota, Florida, and Washington. In these states, residents with lower income are asked to pay to the highest degree six times as much income tax as their wealthier counterparts. Middle-income families residing in these states have to pay common chord times the share of their income when compared to the wealthier families. In a majority of these states, including Nevada, Tennessee, South Dakota and Washington, personal income taxes are not levied on a broad base. The rest of these states, including Illinois and Alabama, do levy income tax, although their income tax is structured in a course that makes them less progres sive than, for example, New York and other progressive states. Illinois and Tennessee have an income tax at a flat rate, which taxes the wealthy using similar marginal rates to those used in taxing the poor salary earners. Nevada, Tennessee